Schedule of the next weeks

These castles of the 13th century and their important vestiges let guess how the castellans lived there and how was organized the defense of the places. A volunteer association undertook restoration work. Visit of the site possible on Tuesdays and Saturdays (days of building sites) and guided visit for groups, on request, by writing to amchott@orange.fr

Live a unique experience in Alsace! Escape from your everyday life and come and discover the fortified castles of Alsace...

500 years ago, the Peasants' War expressed a thirst for justice and progress, driven by Humanism and the Reformation. This exhibition explores its causes, consequences and resonances today.

Guided tour of the place of production and tasting.

Discover the secrets of the estate from April to September: visit the wine-making cellars, taste 4 emblematic vintages and immerse yourself in the history of the family and the estate. A charcuterie and cheese board accompanies this unique experience. Book here: https://tinyurl.com/24xfmnbk

Vérok Gnos captures the essence of landscapes using a technique akin to dripping, where colour and relief blend in harmony. His works, accompanied by texts by Luc Dornstetter, invite us to meditate and escape, between the imaginary and memories of reality.

Take a tour of the "Îlots Bonheur, les mots à l'honneur" exhibition along the Voie verte: favourite photos of the region accompanied by texts on optimism, daydreaming, gentleness, freedom and curiosity. A stroll through art, emotion and poetry.

Discover how fencing, an art that has existed since ancient times, has changed over the centuries and how the discipline has evolved from a warrior's art to a refined combat sport in which precision and strategy are essential.Tickets on sale at the Tourist Office at a preferential rate.

Discover the panorama of Alsace and the blue line of the Vosges, between stubble fields and forests, with a refreshing stop at the waterfall.

Immerse yourself in the present moment! Treat yourself to a moment of relaxation and reconnection with nature at the foot of Mont Saint Odile!

Camille Joerger and Élisabeth Lux share their unique travel stories, combining adventure and discovery to create a captivating experience. Don't miss this enriching encounter!

An original duo combining baroque music, European folklore and quirky blues. A surprising concert, full of character. Refreshments and snacks on site.

Come and help us prune hedges and edges to maintain dry lawns!

A night visit of this exceptional museum that traces the history of the "valley of the blades".

Music festival with small catering on the spot.

The Shallows, a duo with a wide range of influences, perform talented covers of songs from Gainsbourg to Metallica, with a mix of rock, jazz, folk and French chanson. Compositions, vocal harmonies and surprises on the programme. Refreshments and snacks on site.

Join us for a soothing immersion in nature, and reconnect with it through a variety of fun and sensory workshops. Hammock break and drinks included.

Museum Night at Les Ateliers de la Seigneurie

All the bargains you need to renew your little ones' wardrobes and toys! Refreshments and food: tarts flambées and pizzas from 11.30am.

A moment in the heart of nature over 7 km with gastronomic breaks and fine village wines at every kilometre!

Conference put on by the Terres du Mieux-Être collective as part of Screen-Free Week: simple, natural advice on how to adopt a more balanced use of screens on a daily basis.

As part of Biodiversity Week in the Vosges foothills: nature workshops, treasure hunts, artistic creations, a free snack and a magical storytelling walk. A great family outing!

Children aged 6 to 11 will discover the benefits of fruit and vegetables in a fun way. They'll learn to associate colours and properties (antioxidants, vitamins), then prepare their own colourful fruit salad to enjoy together at the end of the workshop. Places limited, registration required.

An evening of solidarity in aid of Les Amis de Marie: zumba, a concert by the group TrioGene B, tarts flambées and a time for sharing to support the fight against Charcot's disease. All proceeds will go to the charity.

Share a moment of complicity with your little one at a music awareness workshop led by Claire Lehn-Douvier. Aimed at 0-3 year olds, this fun, sensory experience is a gentle way to discover sounds and rhythms. Registration required, places limited.

Come and help us prune hedges and edges to maintain dry lawns!

Sawadee & The Cheeky Shakers is the band that shares its love of Rhythm'n'Blues, from the 60s to the present day! Refreshments and snacks on site.

Different workcamps are organized. The materials adapted to the workcamps will be provided. A friendly meal and a snack will be offered to each participant. Registration before May 8.

Come and play table tennis in the dark with UV light. Indoor sports shoes compulsory. Meals on reservation.

Discover this emblematic site in Alsace! A major pilgrimage site dedicated to Sainte Odile, the patron saint of Alsace, this site is steeped in history and set in an exceptional natural environment. Comments in French only.

In the company of librarian Sophie, Joss, the little snail and media library mascot, offers storytelling sessions for all children. From age 4. Registration required.

The Élégie women's choir, directed by Gaspard Gaget, invites you on a musical journey through classical works and contemporary creations. In the acoustics of Saint-Étienne church, let yourself be moved by the richness and harmony of these female voices.

Les Amis de Rosheim present a film about memory and transmission, inspired by a story by Marguerite Heyeppe-Kraemer. A sensitive work by Serge Schleiffer, with two touching actresses and a poignant soundtrack.

Spectacle poético-musicalo-scientifico-sympathique

Puccini's missa di gloria and Verdi's Te Deum in the heart of Rosheim's Saint Etienne church. Conducted by Christian Uhlmann.

Thanks to your impulses and your themes, the actors and their master of the game will take you through a totally improvised evening during which anything can happen! Refreshments and snacks on site.

Organized by the Rosenmeer parish, come on foot, by bike or by car to the Bruderberg chapel for an open-air mass followed by a convivial afternoon. Several departures on foot and in groups are planned from the neighboring communes (ask for information).

Come and chill out to the sweet sounds of D'Jane and unwind after a hard week's work! Refreshments and snacks on site.

Come and join the Bengalis Choir for its annual concert! A spellbinding evening of musical harmony and emotion.

The Pocket Orchestra revisits the great pop and rock classics with guitar, vocals, bass and cajon. It's sure to be a lively and convivial evening! Refreshments and snacks on site.

Philippe Sutter and Sophie Bassot are exhibiting at the 27th Chemin d'art sacré. Ceramics and painting in dialogue around the theme of "Birth and rebirth", between light, matter and the inner quest.

The town of Rosheim and L'ascro present a brand new edition of the "La Rose qui Rit" Festival. On Saturday, Sébastien Marx, Vanessa Kayo, Guy Riss and their accomplices will be putting on a unique show. Free events for all the family will be held throughout the weekend. Tickets: https://bit.ly/la-rose-qui-rit

Discover this emblematic site in Alsace! A major pilgrimage site dedicated to Sainte Odile, the patron saint of Alsace, this site is steeped in history and set in exceptional natural surroundings. Bookings: resa.lm.lalsace@gmail.com. Commentary in German only.

Two Magnets offer a moment of escape with original compositions inspired by folk, blues and rock. A sincere duo, between sung poetry and musical simplicity. Refreshments and snacks on site.

Popular ball animated by DJ Manu. Small catering on the place.

Discover this emblematic site in Alsace! A major pilgrimage site dedicated to Sainte Odile, the patron saint of Alsace, this site is steeped in history and set in an exceptional natural environment. Comments in French only.

Come to the museum and discover a smithy of the 1st French Empire, the blacksmith tools and how these men used to manufacture iron.

Vivez une journée inoubliable en famille au Parc du Windeck : jeu de piste, contes, jeux et gourmandises au cœur de la nature ! Buvette et petite restauration sur place.

Join the movement and take part in the 2¿ edition of this 9km run or walk in aid of the Restaurants du Cœur! Start at 11am for the run and 11:10am for the walk. Refreshment bar, catering, osteopaths and masseurs at the finish. Registration: https://bit.ly/sotoquee-run

Flea market organised by the Rosheim Football Club.

Guided by a mountain guide, discover the Pagan Wall, the mystical enclosure surrounding Mount Sainte-Odile!

Come and dance with Dominik and enjoy delicious tarts flambées.

Cet événement est une nouveauté à la médiathèque, spécialement dédié aux seniors. Il s’agit d’un après-midi convivial où les participants pourront se retrouver pour jouer ensemble.

A tasting full of flavors, a combination of food and wine with the independent winegrower!

Join us for a soothing immersion in nature, and reconnect with it through a variety of fun and sensory workshops. Hammock break and drinks included.

Moon Storks revisits the great pop, rock and blues classics with energy and complicity. Bass, drums, guitars and vocals make for a great musical experience. Refreshments and snacks on site.

Discover this emblematic site in Alsace! A major pilgrimage site dedicated to Sainte Odile, the patron saint of Alsace, this site is steeped in history and set in an exceptional natural environment. Comments in French only.

Discover this emblematic site in Alsace! A major pilgrimage site dedicated to Sainte Odile, the patron saint of Alsace, this site is steeped in history and set in exceptional natural surroundings. Bookings: resa.lm.lalsace@gmail.com. Commentary in German only.

FC Boersch is organising its 1st gourmet walk: an 8km stroll around the village and vineyards, punctuated by 5 gourmet stops. Extend the party with a DJ, tarts flambées and barbecues from 5pm. Register by 31/03 at: https://bit.ly/rando-boersch

The rose, symbol of the medieval town of Rosheim, is celebrated at the Roseraie! Sale of rosebushes, bouquets and advice from a professional rose grower, organised by the Arboriculteurs du Piémont des Vosges. Tart flambées from 5pm. Come and enjoy a floral and friendly day!

Nicky’s Celtic Side vous embarque dans une ambiance pub irlandais avec chants de marins, ballades et airs rebelles. Un duo guitare-violon qui sent bon la convivialité celtique. Buvette et petite restauration sur place.

3 fishing tours and a delicious meal await you in a green setting. Reservation required.

Margarita is a guitar/ukulele/vocal duo with bossa, soul and jazz accents. Their smooth covers set the mood for a charming summer evening. Refreshment bar and snacks on site.

Guided by a mountain guide, discover the Pagan Wall, the mystical enclosure surrounding Mount Sainte-Odile!

Come and admire the artisans' stands and taste pizzas and burgers in a musical atmosphere during an evening with the sounds of DJ Laurent.

ReStart, groupe de heavy rock alsacien, revisite les grands classiques avec puissance et humour. Des reprises inattendues, de Britney à Imagine Dragons, dans un style bien à eux. Buvette et petite restauration sur place.

Vous êtes amateurs de marche ? Venez participer à ce grand rendez-vous autour du Bischenberg !

Just William is a guitar, a voice and a repertoire of pop, rock and folk from the 60s to today. A warm and friendly atmosphere for a musical Sunday afternoon. Refreshments and snacks on site.

All in the saddle! Take part in this great day of cycling with your family or friends!

Celebrating 60 years of the Foyer de Charité d'Ottrott! Enjoy a day of festivities with a conference, mass, meal (book in advance), activities, workshops and a guided tour of the park. A unique event combining culture, nature and conviviality, in an idyllic setting.

A 7km trail of flavours, through the Windeck park, castles, orchards, signposted paths, the new greenway and, of course, its famous vineyards! Book online only: https://bit.ly/rgo_2025

Venez encourager les pilotes engagés dans la compétition. Buvette et petite restauration sur place.

Balade à la découverte d’un lieu unique en son genre, le Hohbuhl. Gestion des paysages, entre agriculture, forêt et fonction sociale de nos espaces naturels, vous saurez tout ... et serez conquis par l’enthousiasme communicatif de ce passionné de nature.

Celebrate music at the multimedia library!

Guided by a mountain leader (BE), discover our natural heritage on a fun and sensorial walk.

Liven up your own party by choosing your favourite songs from hundreds of vinyl records, which will be played throughout the evening. Refreshments and snacks on site.

Join us for a soothing immersion in nature, and reconnect with it through a variety of fun and sensory workshops. Hammock break and drinks included.

Different groups will perform throughout the evening on the Place de la République, different styles of music. Drinks and snacks.

The CLDO Tricot-Thé section invites you to an afternoon of knitting fun, with knitting/crochet workshops, fleece processing, wool exhibitors, book sales, fashion show, tombola, food and refreshments. Come and share the pleasure of knitting in a friendly atmosphere!

Feel like getting moving? From 6pm, learn a few rock and boogie steps in an introductory session open to all, then let yourself be carried away by the live performance of Slim Faste, a one-man band who will be rocking the dancefloor until 10pm! Refreshments and food on site.

Celebrate the arrival of summer with a wellbeing workshop in the heart of nature: breathing, gentle movements, meditation and sophro-tasting to harmonise body and mind with the solar energy of the season. This is an outdoor workshop, with the option of a fallback indoors. Ages 16 and over.

Venez faire de belles trouvailles à petits prix et donner une seconde vie à des vêtements et accessoires. Buvette et petite restauration sur place. Les bénéfices seront versés au groupe Scolaire du Rosenmeer pour supporter les différents projets auxquels participent les enfants.

Basketry is an age-old technique used to make objects by weaving natural materials. With the help of Emma Pieters or Emilie Dulac, come and discover the many possibilities offered by wicker, learn how to use the basket-maker's tools and make a unique, personalised object.

Discover the panorama of Alsace and the blue line of the Vosges, between stubble fields and forests, with a refreshing stop at the waterfall.

Discover the Romanesque city of Rosheim with Quentin! From the church of Saints Peter and Paul to the Romanesque House, from the town gates to the tower of Saint Martha, from the old springs to the mills, explore the medieval heritage of this town.

Sound the alarm! Enemies are at the gates of Rosheim! Join us on a unique tour of the Romanesque town: the remains of the ramparts, the Sainte-Marthe Tower, knights' outfits... An exciting, interactive plunge into the heart of the Middle Ages for young and old alike!

Come and chill out to the sweet sounds of D'Jane and unwind after a hard week's work! Refreshments and snacks on site.

Cooking workshop with Chef Hubert: prepare a full menu, learn professional techniques in a friendly atmosphere, then enjoy the dishes prepared together. A warm, gourmet experience in a small group. Registration: https://le-rosenmeer.fr/cuisinons-lete/

From the most popular songs to the forgotten ones or the latest hits, come and compete with your friends in a relaxed atmosphere. Refreshments and snacks available.

A sunny swing that blends jazz, French chanson and gypsy accents, carried by guitars, brass and friendly vocals. Banana Camp warms hearts with its joyful energy. Refreshments and food on site.

Every Sunday morning share a moment of conviviality in the heart of the Romanesque city. Enjoy an aperitif in the open air and taste in the shade of the lime trees beer, Alsace wine of local vintages, fruit juices...

Discover this emblematic site in Alsace! A major pilgrimage site dedicated to Sainte Odile, the patron saint of Alsace, this site is steeped in history and set in an exceptional natural environment. Comments in French only.

Musiques traditionnelles roumaines et hongroises interprétée par le trio INIMA.

Take a stroll through this flea market located on the wine route and at the foot of Mont Sainte-Odile!

In the heart of the Grendelbruch forests, the Aurora Strasbourg Tourist Association invites you to enjoy a friendly hike. From the Hohbuhl refuge (700 m), two signposted circuits (6 and 10 km) await you, departing between 9 and 11.30 am. Enjoy the panoramic views and a gourmet break on arrival.

Discover Alsatian heritage thanks to the guided tour of the exhibition route

Find on the Place de la République producers and craftsmen who will make you discover their products, their passion and their know-how.

Concert, emotion and contemporary art: enjoy a unique evening with cellist Lisa Erbès and the Sutter & Bassot exhibition on the theme of "Birth and rebirth". An intense dialogue between music, ceramics and painting.

Envie d'une soirée hors du commun ? Casque sur les oreilles, choisissez votre style (house, techno, pop, afro…) et vibrez avec Malicia Darkwave et Lucss. Une expérience musicale inédite ! Buvette et petite restauration sur place.

Rock music straight from Italy with Downtown's Bad Company: an electric evening is guaranteed! Drinks and food on site.

The Harmonie de Bischoffsheim is preparing a festive evening on the eve of their traditional flea market. Refreshments and catering on site.

Come to the museum and discover a smithy of the 1st French Empire, the blacksmith tools and how these men used to manufacture iron.

Animations musicales toute la journée sur la place Saint-Rémy. Folklore, Bloosmusik, jazz, variétés internationales... avec d'BloosBand de 16h à 21h. Buvettes et restauration.

Discover the life of Saint Odile and the history of the site with a passionate guide. Organised by the Fondation du Patrimoine, your donation of €50 (admission ticket) is 75% tax deductible. Free for children under 16, places limited to 20 people. Tickets on sale at the Rosheim, Obernai and Barr Tourist Offices and at the Mont Sainte-Odile shop.

Témoin de l’époque où l’Alsace faisait partie du St. Empire Romain Germanique, le Guirbaden édifié entre le Xe et le XIIIe siècle domine la vallée de la Bruche. Légendes, histoire et anecdotes vous feront voyager au Moyen-âge le temps d’une demi-journée.

From the Renaissance-style town hall to the ramparts, discover all the hidden corners of Boersch.

Discover the Romanesque city of Rosheim with Quentin! From the church of Saints Peter and Paul to the Romanesque House, from the town gates to the tower of Saint Martha, from the old springs to the mills, explore the medieval heritage of this town.

Sound the alarm! Enemies are at the gates of Rosheim! Join us on a unique tour of the Romanesque town: the remains of the ramparts, the Sainte-Marthe Tower, knights' outfits... An exciting, interactive plunge into the heart of the Middle Ages for young and old alike!

A guided tour to discover the particularities and symbolism of the tombs, and the history of the Jewish community in Rosenwiller. Come and discover this place steeped in history and culture. Registration required.

Parents, enfants, nounous, mamies...Tous sont invités à écouter les histoires sous toutes les formes, choisies par les bibliothécaires.

Between history and legends, Niedermunster Abbey will no longer hold any secrets for you.

Come and get your groove on with OSS Sound System! An evening of reggae, ska and punk, all on vinyl. Dancing, good humour and bewitching rhythms on the programme. Refreshments and food on site.

Discover the oldest house in Alsace and immerse yourself in medieval daily life! Join the guided tour at 10am from the Tourist Office or explore the Romanesque house at your own pace between 10am and 12.30pm.

The visit is fascinating, the guide is passionate, you will discover along the tour the techniques of blacksmithing, the lives of these men and families who were hung out there for their unique talent.

Come and admire the artisans' stands and taste pizzas and burgers in a musical atmosphere during an evening with the sounds of DJ Laurent.

Discover the Romanesque city of Rosheim with Quentin! From the church of Saints Peter and Paul to the Romanesque House, from the town gates to the tower of Saint Martha, from the old springs to the mills, explore the medieval heritage of this town.

Sound the alarm! Enemies are at the gates of Rosheim! Join us on a unique tour of the Romanesque town: the remains of the ramparts, the Sainte-Marthe Tower, knights' outfits... An exciting, interactive plunge into the heart of the Middle Ages for young and old alike!

Parents, enfants, nounous, mamies...Tous sont invités à écouter les histoires sous toutes les formes, choisies par les bibliothécaires.

Between history and legends, Niedermunster Abbey will no longer hold any secrets for you.

Discover the Romanesque city of Rosheim with Quentin! From the church of Saints Peter and Paul to the Romanesque House, from the town gates to the tower of Saint Martha, from the old springs to the mills, explore the medieval heritage of this town.

Sound the alarm! Enemies are at the gates of Rosheim! Join us on a unique tour of the Romanesque town: the remains of the ramparts, the Sainte-Marthe Tower, knights' outfits... An exciting, interactive plunge into the heart of the Middle Ages for young and old alike!

Between history and legends, Niedermunster Abbey will no longer hold any secrets for you.

Discover the Romanesque city of Rosheim with Quentin! From the church of Saints Peter and Paul to the Romanesque House, from the town gates to the tower of Saint Martha, from the old springs to the mills, explore the medieval heritage of this town.

Sound the alarm! Enemies are at the gates of Rosheim! Join us on a unique tour of the Romanesque town: the remains of the ramparts, the Sainte-Marthe Tower, knights' outfits... An exciting, interactive plunge into the heart of the Middle Ages for young and old alike!

Between history and legends, Niedermunster Abbey will no longer hold any secrets for you.

A tasting full of flavors, a combination of food and wine with the independent winegrower!

Discover the oldest house in Alsace and immerse yourself in medieval daily life! Join the guided tour at 10am from the Tourist Office or explore the Romanesque house at your own pace between 10am and 12.30pm.

Come to the museum and discover a smithy of the 1st French Empire, the blacksmith tools and how these men used to manufacture iron.

Discover the Romanesque city of Rosheim with Quentin! From the church of Saints Peter and Paul to the Romanesque House, from the town gates to the tower of Saint Martha, from the old springs to the mills, explore the medieval heritage of this town.

Sound the alarm! Enemies are at the gates of Rosheim! Join us on a unique tour of the Romanesque town: the remains of the ramparts, the Sainte-Marthe Tower, knights' outfits... An exciting, interactive plunge into the heart of the Middle Ages for young and old alike!

A guided tour to discover the particularities and symbolism of the tombs, and the history of the Jewish community in Rosenwiller. Come and discover this place steeped in history and culture. Registration required.

Between history and legends, Niedermunster Abbey will no longer hold any secrets for you.

Cet événement est une nouveauté à la médiathèque, spécialement dédié aux seniors. Il s’agit d’un après-midi convivial où les participants pourront se retrouver pour jouer ensemble.

Come and admire the artisans' stands and taste pizzas and burgers in a musical atmosphere during an evening with the sounds of DJ Laurent.

Immerse yourself in the present moment! Treat yourself to a moment of relaxation and reconnection with nature at the foot of Mont Saint Odile!

Discover the Romanesque city of Rosheim with Quentin! From the church of Saints Peter and Paul to the Romanesque House, from the town gates to the tower of Saint Martha, from the old springs to the mills, explore the medieval heritage of this town.

Sound the alarm! Enemies are at the gates of Rosheim! Join us on a unique tour of the Romanesque town: the remains of the ramparts, the Sainte-Marthe Tower, knights' outfits... An exciting, interactive plunge into the heart of the Middle Ages for young and old alike!

Between history and legends, Niedermunster Abbey will no longer hold any secrets for you.

The visit is fascinating, the guide is passionate, you will discover along the tour the techniques of blacksmithing, the lives of these men and families who were hung out there for their unique talent.

Discover the oldest house in Alsace and immerse yourself in medieval daily life! Join the guided tour at 10am from the Tourist Office or explore the Romanesque house at your own pace between 10am and 12.30pm.

Discover the Romanesque city of Rosheim with Quentin! From the church of Saints Peter and Paul to the Romanesque House, from the town gates to the tower of Saint Martha, from the old springs to the mills, explore the medieval heritage of this town.

Sound the alarm! Enemies are at the gates of Rosheim! Join us on a unique tour of the Romanesque town: the remains of the ramparts, the Sainte-Marthe Tower, knights' outfits... An exciting, interactive plunge into the heart of the Middle Ages for young and old alike!

Come and chill out to the sweet sounds of D'Jane and unwind after a hard week's work! Refreshments and snacks on site.

Between history and legends, Niedermunster Abbey will no longer hold any secrets for you.

From the most popular songs to the forgotten ones or the latest hits, come and compete with your friends in a relaxed atmosphere. Refreshments and snacks available.

Témoin de l’époque où l’Alsace faisait partie du St. Empire Romain Germanique, le Guirbaden édifié entre le Xe et le XIIIe siècle domine la vallée de la Bruche. Légendes, histoire et anecdotes vous feront voyager au Moyen-âge le temps d’une demi-journée.

Discover the Romanesque city of Rosheim with Quentin! From the church of Saints Peter and Paul to the Romanesque House, from the town gates to the tower of Saint Martha, from the old springs to the mills, explore the medieval heritage of this town.

Sound the alarm! Enemies are at the gates of Rosheim! Join us on a unique tour of the Romanesque town: the remains of the ramparts, the Sainte-Marthe Tower, knights' outfits... An exciting, interactive plunge into the heart of the Middle Ages for young and old alike!

Immerse yourself in the present moment! Treat yourself to a moment of relaxation and reconnection with nature at the foot of Mont Saint Odile!

Between history and legends, Niedermunster Abbey will no longer hold any secrets for you.

Envie d'une soirée hors du commun ? Casque sur les oreilles, choisissez votre style (house, techno, pop, afro…) et vibrez avec Malicia Darkwave et Lucss. Une expérience musicale inédite ! Buvette et petite restauration sur place.

Come and chill out to the sweet sounds of D'Jane and unwind after a hard week's work! Refreshments and snacks on site.

Come to the museum and discover a smithy of the 1st French Empire, the blacksmith tools and how these men used to manufacture iron.

3 fishing tours and a delicious meal await you in a green setting. Reservation required.

Come and admire the artisans' stands and taste pizzas and burgers in a musical atmosphere during an evening with the sounds of DJ Laurent.

Come to the museum and discover a smithy of the 1st French Empire, the blacksmith tools and how these men used to manufacture iron.

Come to the museum and discover a smithy of the 1st French Empire, the blacksmith tools and how these men used to manufacture iron.

Come to the museum and discover a smithy of the 1st French Empire, the blacksmith tools and how these men used to manufacture iron.